[help from] the fire department.

　　7.10 Where necessary, the laboratory shall use explosion-proof electrical equipment.

　　7.11 Provide appropriate equipment to extinguish controllable fires when needed and to help personnel evacuate from the fire scene.

　　7.12 Configure appropriate firefighting equipment according to the types of fires that may occur in the laboratory and maintain it regularly, in compliance with the requirements of the fire protection authorities.

　　7.13 If a fire alarm occurs, immediately seek assistance from the fire department and inform them of the hazards present in the laboratory.

Section 7 Medical Laboratory Refrigeration System

　　The medical refrigeration system mainly includes medical refrigerators and medical cold storage rooms. Medical refrigerators include blood bank refrigerators and pharmaceutical refrigerators. Medical cold storage rooms, also called pharmaceutical cold rooms, are widely used for the storage of various medical supplies such as pharmaceuticals, vaccines, blood, plasma, medicinal agents, reagents, semen, stem cells, bone marrow, and biological products.

I. Medical Refrigerators

　　In a medical laboratory, varying numbers of medical refrigerators are generally installed as needed in the biochemistry room, clinical testing laboratory, microbiology room, HIV laboratory, PCR laboratory, blood bank, pathology department, and so on. The corresponding refrigerator power supplies must be considered during electrical design.

II. Pharmaceutical Cold Storage Rooms

　　The temperature of a pharmaceutical cold storage room is generally +2°C to +8°C. Pharmaceutical cold storage rooms are mainly used to store various medical products; low-temperature refrigeration keeps pharmaceuticals from deteriorating and losing efficacy, meeting pharmaceutical technical requirements.

　　Pharmaceutical cold storage rooms offer multiple advantages such as fast refrigeration, complete functions, and energy savings, and they use the most advanced low-noise imported refrigeration units, improving refrigeration efficiency and reducing the cold room's energy consumption.

　　The refrigeration control system uses fully automatic microcomputer control technology with intelligent temperature control; the room temperature can be freely set within the +2°C to +8°C range, with fully automatic constant temperature and automatic start/stop—no manual operation required—and digital temperature display, ensuring that the pharmaceutical storage conditions in the room meet relevant national requirements.

　　The panels of the pharmaceutical cold room use rigid polyurethane color-steel sandwich panels, formed in one shot by high-pressure foaming; the double-faced color-steel insulated panels are joined tightly by advanced eccentric hooks and groove hooks, and the reliable sealing minimizes cold air leakage and improves the thermal insulation effect. With a scientific design, T-panels, wall panels, and corner panels can be assembled into a cold room in any space—simple, practical, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly.

III. Blood Cold Storage Rooms

　　With the widespread application of blood component therapy, the frozen storage of blood components has become a great challenge. Simply increasing the number of freezers inevitably brings drawbacks such as crowded space, high cost, and difficulty in inventory counting. To address this problem, we conducted extensive investigation and research, introducing the concept of modular (prefabricated) cold rooms into plasma frozen storage: imported units and high-efficiency refrigerants are used in the design, pulling the lower refrigeration temperature limit as low as possible.

　　Following the principles of high automation and low maintenance, and in accordance with the relevant WHO and National Health Commission regulations on plasma frozen storage, a stainless-steel modular cold room designed for −40°C with a 150 mm insulation layer successfully solved the problem of large-scale plasma frozen storage—saving the cost of purchasing large numbers of freezers, expanding storage capacity, and yielding a complete set of effective experience in maintenance, repair, and servicing.

IV. Vaccine Cold Storage Rooms

　　Vaccine cold storage rooms mainly store various medical products, keeping pharmaceuticals from deteriorating and losing efficacy under low-temperature refrigerated conditions; the room temperature is generally −5°C to +8°C.

　　The refrigeration unit of a vaccine cold storage room uses imported compressors, featuring a high energy-efficiency ratio, strong refrigeration capacity, low noise, and safety and reliability. The condenser-radiator uses a high-efficiency air-cooled condenser with an external-rotor low-noise motor, which dissipates heat effectively and keeps the high-side pressure at normal values even in extremely high ambient temperatures, enabling the refrigeration unit to achieve efficient refrigeration with energy savings and environmental protection. The evaporator inside the cold room uses a high-efficiency ceiling-mounted air cooler with low noise, large refrigeration capacity, and automatic defrosting.

1. Temperature Standards for Various Cold Rooms

　　1.1 Vaccine cold room: 0°C to 8°C, commonly used for storing vaccines and medicinal agents.

　　1.2 Pharmaceutical cool storage: 2°C to 8°C, also called a pharmaceutical cold room, mainly used for storing pharmaceuticals and biological reagents.

　　1.3 Blood cold room: −5°C to 1°C, for storing blood, pharmaceuticals, and biological products, etc.

　　1.4 Plasma cold room: −20°C to −30°C, for storing plasma, biological materials, vaccines, reagents, etc.

2. Reference Values for Cold Room Area Allocation

　　Based on numerous actual laboratory engineering projects, summarized calculations show that every 1,000 m² of laboratory requires a 10–15 m² cold room, and a 500 m² laboratory requires a cold room of no less than 10 m².

　　There is no fixed ratio between the cold room volume and the total laboratory area; specific planning must be made according to national and industry standards and the specific circumstances of each laboratory.

V. Engineering Technical Parameters of Cold Rooms

1. Temperature Ranges

　　Vaccine cold room: 0°C–8°C, for storing vaccines, medicinal agents, etc. Pharmaceutical cold room: 2°C–8°C, for storing pharmaceuticals and biological products, etc. Blood storage room: 1°C–5°C, for storing blood, pharmaceuticals, and biological products, etc. Low-temperature holding room: −20°C to −30°C, for preserving plasma, biological materials, vaccines, reagents, etc. Ultra-low-temperature storage room: −30°C to −80°C, for preserving placenta, semen, stem cells, plasma, bone marrow, biological samples, etc.

2. Panel Configuration

　　2.1 Cold room panel dimensions: the standardized panel width is 100 mm [1 m module], and the height ranges from 2 m to 10 m. Cold room panel thickness specifications: 60 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 180 mm.