I. Project Overview

TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital is a newly built cardiovascular specialty hospital, equipped with 500 inpatient beds, 80 ICU beds, 40 CCU beds, 6 cardiovascular angiography machines, and 16 operating rooms, with 10,000 cardiovascular surgeries and 10,000 interventional treatments performed annually.

The total floor area is $6.99times10^4,mathrm{m^2}$, with a 3-story podium and a 12-story main building in frame-shear wall structure. The clean operating rooms are located on the second floor of the podium, between axes 9-19/F-R, with a floor area of 4307m², comprising 16 operating rooms together with the corresponding functional rooms and corridors, including 2 Class Ⅰ operating rooms and 14 Class Ⅲ operating rooms; the story height of the second-floor surgical story is 4.8m, and the main entrance of the operating rooms connects with the main elevator hall; the air-conditioning machine rooms are located on the third floor, between axes 9-19/G-M.

The ICU has a total of 80 beds, divided into two units, located on both sides of the operating department, between axes 5-9/F-R and axes 19-26/E-R, with a floor area of 3636m², and the cleanliness class is Class 100000.

The CCU has 40 beds, and there are 6 catheterization labs, all located on the first floor of the podium, between axes 4-19/R-T and axes 9-19/M-R, with floor areas of 1430m² and 758m² respectively, and the cleanliness class is Class 100000.

The project is currently under construction.

II. Plan Layout

The purification project of the clean operating department of TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital consists of clean operating rooms and the corresponding functional auxiliary rooms. The internal plan layout and corridor arrangement of the clean operating department conform to the principles of short and direct functional flow and clear separation of clean and dirty flows.

The plan layout of the entire operating department follows the central island principle. At the very center of the operating department is the sterile corridor (sterile supplies passage), which is the heart of the entire operating department. Operating rooms are arranged radially around the sterile corridor. Surrounding the operating rooms is the clean corridor (passage for doctors, patients, and post-operative waste). Each operating room is provided with its own scrub room (doctor passage), anesthesia induction room (patient passage), and cleaning room (post-operative waste passage); post-operative waste is preliminarily treated in the cleaning room and then removed from the operating department via the clean corridor.

The design scheme is characterized by a very close connection between sterile supplies and each operating room, with the shortest transport distance, ensuring that during use the sterile supplies will not be contaminated due to their passage crossing with other personnel and material flow passages.

The scheme is also characterized by the grand architectural and structural design of the entire building, with neatly arranged columns, spacious column bays, and a very orderly overall layout; the net area of each operating room can reach more than 40m².

The ICU is located on both sides of the operating department and is very closely connected with it.

III. Air-Conditioning and Purification System

The purification system project of the clean operating department and ICU of TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital adopts a total of 32 super-hygienic type medical purification air handling units. Among them, the Class Ⅰ operating rooms adopt the configuration of one air handling unit per operating room, the Class Ⅲ operating rooms adopt the configuration of one air handling unit shared by two operating rooms, and the air handling units for the clean corridors and clean auxiliary rooms are appropriately configured according to their usage requirements and the fire compartments in which they are located; for the Class 100000 CCU and catheterization labs, five air handling units are set up respectively corresponding to the CCU section, the catheterization labs, the clean auxiliary rooms, and the clean corridors; for the Class 100000 ICU ward area, six air handling units are set up respectively corresponding to the clean auxiliary rooms and clean corridors of its two ICU sections; one air handling unit is set up for each of the supply center and the pure water workshop in basement level 1 and the pharmacy clean area on the third floor. The air-conditioning system of this project carries out flexible and clear unit configuration by zone according to the functions of each purification area, so as to achieve a clear system, flexible use, and guaranteed performance. The air conditioning system adopts a secondary return air approach, and the functional sections of the unit are configured as follows: primary return air mixing section, surface cooling, heating and humidification section, secondary return air mixing section, fan section, primary and medium-efficiency filtration section, and air outlet section. In accordance with the usage requirements of the operating rooms, two sets of centralized fresh air pre-treatment systems are provided for the operating room air conditioning system, supplying normal fresh air and positive-pressure fresh air to the operating room air conditioning system respectively, with the fresh air volume controlled by imported constant air volume (CAV) devices. This system arrangement plays a positive role both in ensuring the cleanliness of the operating rooms and in the energy efficiency of the system.

Cooling and heating sources are supplied via a mechanically circulated four-pipe system, and humidification is achieved by means of dry steam humidification.

IV. Indoor Air Distribution

The clean operating rooms adopt an air distribution pattern of top supply and bottom return, in which Class I operating rooms adopt vertical laminar flow, while Class II and Class III operating rooms adopt turbulent flow according to their air change volumes. A supply air plenum is installed above the operating table in each operating room, with H14-grade HEPA filters arranged on both sides of the plenum as terminal supply air filters. The air, after being filtered by the HEPA filters, enters the plenum and is then discharged evenly downward through the damping mesh beneath the plenum, and returns through return air openings installed at the lower part around the operating room to the air handling unit for re-treatment. At the designed air change rate, air is continuously filtered and treated by the system, ensuring that the cleanliness within the operating room is above the design requirements.

In order to exhaust the disinfectant gases, anesthetic gases and unpleasant odors accumulated in the operating rooms, each operating room is equipped with an independent clean exhaust system, with the exhaust outlets located at the ceiling on the head side of the patient.

V. Drawings of the Operating Department

The plan of the clean operating room is shown in Figure 1, and the plan, zoning diagram and flow diagram of the clean operating department are shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

Figure 1 Plan of the 15th Clean Operating Room of TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Figure 2　Floor Plan of the Clean Operating Department of Tianjin TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Figure 3　Zoning Diagram of the Clean Operating Department of Tianjin TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital Figure 4　Schematic Diagram of the Clean Operating Department Workflow of Tianjin TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital